The Symbolic Landscape of the British Hill Station in India

Kenny, Judith T. "Climate, Race, and Imperial Authority: The Symbolic Landscape of the British Hill Station in India." Jstor.com. Taylor & Francis, Ltd., n.d. Web. <jstor.org/stable/2564433>.

This article has a lot to do with race in india.

"Ultilitarian beliefs encouraged education of Indians so that they may be raised to British Standards and values. Yet, as Bhabha describes, the educated Indian subject became the ultimate figure of mockery. The "mimic" colonial subject suggested that to be Anglicized was emphatically not to be English."

I will use this in my paper by arguing that another way English psychologically colonized the Indian was making them believe that if they became more like an Englishman that they could become an Englishman but in reality they were emphasizing how an Indian could never be an Englishman.

Pgs 104-105 "Reforming the Racial state"

                In this blog I will discuss the concept of "Reforming the Racial State" as seen in pages 104-105 of Racial Formation. Omi and Winant explain that during the 1950's and 1960's people of color came together and actively took steps to bettering the racial state. "Direct Action" such as the civil disobedience sit in and marches eventually lead to the creation of "equal opportunity" programs which required that state institutions meet a Quota of colored employees. However this created conflicts over resources provided by the programs and different ethnic group were now in competition with each other.We can relate this to Untouchable in the sense that Bakha and the other untouchables are in constant completion for the resources higher caste members may offer. This causes a further divide within the untouchables and without unity the untouchables cannot demand a reforming of the Caste System instead they are letting it take a stronger hold. MLK and Ghandi both believed that reform was possible through unity however when individuals are caught up in a "me, me, me" attitude everything falls apart as seen by the outcome of "equal opportunity" programs,
 few make use of the program while the majority are locked into a state of poverty.

Race as a Social Construct

Good Afternoon members of the Human Rights Watch today I will discuss the issue of “race”. Common sense would tell us that race is a method of diving people based on physiological aspects such as the color of one’s skin. Many people believe that race is something that is stagnant, never changing and ground in stone. However the notion of race was not created until Slavery was introduced as a means to identify who was a slave and who was not. Prior to this according to the documentary “Race the power of an Illusion” people were distinguished one another as Christian and heathens but not “white” or black”. The documentary also points out that “race is an idea that evolves over time, that it has a history, that it is constructed by a society to further certain political and economic goals”. In other words, race is a social construct which is ever changing to meet the needs of the current racial state. This means that race is not a natural concept but a false one only given meaning when people give it meaning and actively participate in it.

            The affinity for “white” over “black” began during slavery when dark skin became a symbol of slavery and African descent. When slaves were brought over into the Americans there was a need for labor, diving people on the basis of colored ensured that there would always be a cheap and continuous source of labor. 

Brain Storm Assignment 2

Caste mobility------

*Hockey stick-

                The novel Untouchable highlights the denial of upward mobility by showing us that upper caste men do not want lower caste men to own any sort of property. Ownership of valuables such as English products, clothes,  land , etc.,  gave a man value. If that man obtained value then they could no longer say that he is of lower status. This is shown when Bakha receives an almost new hockey stick from an Upper Caste men, Charat Singh, who then tells him that he must hide it and not tell anyone where he got it. Afterwards Bakha meets with upper caste children who have also received hockey sticks from Charact Singh, Bakha states, “The Babu’s sons were the Babu’s sons. He would, of course, give them sticks. That he had given one to him, a sweeper, was an extraordinary favour” (Anand 112)  Bakha realizes that children of upper caste men were expected to have ownership of various valuable items and that he was not.  

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Many people would agree with my claim that the process of Colonization was not only a forceful process but a psychological one. Based on Bakha’s behavior, we learn that he praises the English way of life above his own because he is constantly exposed to the social project of white superiority.    

·         Colonial Hutchinson

·                                                        

When the British came into India they found in play a paradigm that consisted of a strict caste system. As long as the Indian people were divided they could easily pit one group against another, successfully diverting attention away from the real issues. In the novel Untouchable it wasn’t until Ghandi ousted the British government’s attempt to further divide the nation by exempting Untouchables from political bodies did the Indian people understand the caste system was hindering their freedom. Ghandi states “ The British Government sought to pursue a policy of divide and rule in giving to our brethren of the depressed classes separate electorates in the councils that will be created under the new constitution” (Anand 146). In other words the British Government wanted to segregate the Untouchables from the other castes in the new council as a means to continue to divide and conquer them. In this way the British would be able to continue to manipulate the psyche of the Indian people. However diving the people was not the only way that the Bristish psychologically colonized the Indian people.

                Based on Bakha’s behavior, we learn that the youth of the lower caste system place a high value on the English way of life and English material items.  

A common strategy of Colonization is “divide and conquer” and it was very effective.

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SCRAP

Cluster Connections

          I find the concept of "clusters" interesting  As a transfer student who has already experienced the freshman gig LaGuardia's cluster approach seems to ease freshman into college life more effectively. It's easier to absorb material when all your classes focus on the same subject just use different approaches. It also makes it easier for students to connect what they have learned in one class to another. I have used material I've learned in a class in a previous semester in a current class but the material was always foggy and watered down. With this cluster the information is fresh and its easier to  quote from class to class. This is great for freshman who may not have connected material from different classes and must do so now. For example:

     

          The first text we read was Tannenbaum's Slave and Citizen. He spoke of the treatment of Slaves in Latin America and about the concept of dark skin color symbolizing slavery. Recently in Anthropology we read several passages on the treatment of slaves post-slavery and it was clear that throughout Latin America those of dark skin presumed to be of African American decent were looked down upon and segregated. In the text Color as a Symbol of Social Status the author specifically states, "The antagonism was not directed against people of color because of color as such, but because their color indicated that they were, or had their origin in, slaves" (Arlene). This means that people of color were not looked down upon because of their skin color but because their skin color symbolized slavery and the salve was the lowest of any social hierarchy sometimes not even considered human. From reading this text it became clear to me that this concept was not exclusive to Tannenbaum (he wasn't so crazy after all) but that it was a paradigm, something people of historically did not question. 

        The one thing I do note about the cluster is the use of the same key terms like race, ethnicity, racial formation and the universal "Race is a social construct", "Race is not real" theme. It's a nice thing to hear but does the rest of the world know that? If anything having these phrases repeated to me has made me aware of my so called "race" and "ethnicity". 

         

         They say ignorance is bliss and I've never been able to agree with it until taking this cluster. My eyes have been opened to so many social issues that in a way make me feel powerless to change. I was happy living in my little paradigm "go to school, get a job, get paid, buy a house" (although my version might have been get a job, struggle through school, maybe get a job?, possibly afford an apartment without roommates?) and now I'm "the fish that realizes its in water" (or something like that). It's an out of body experience.

Twitter Tweets

@Prisonwatchint

http://www.propublica.org/article/are-california-prisons-punishing-inmates-based-on-race

I read an article they posted about how in California they are separating inmates by color in an attempt to reduce gang violence. At a glance this plan might sound good but when you look closer you realize that gangs aren't necessarily organized by race. While its true that some are that doesn't make all gangs strictly based on race. One argument they make is "One state court judge concluded in 2002 that “managing inmates on the basis of ethnicity” was counterproductive, and instead increased hostilities among prisoners." which means that the tactics they are using to reduce gang violoence actually may increase it. By segregating prisoners you are enforcing the idea that they are different and that they should stick to their own kind. This can lead to the belief that on racial group is better than another and in turn increase hate crimes within the prison system.

I am not one to look for news regarding the prison system. But perhaps someone who is concerned about the prison system would find this twitter account useful and find it as an outlet to discuss their concerns and share their own articles etc.

@lobojost

 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323741004578418682347182750.html?mod=wsj_share_tweet

I was scrolling and saw this article about housing prices. This is something that interests me since I do want to relocate hopefully soon. My issue like many new yorkers is the rising rent prices in the safer and convenient neighborhood. This articles discusses the price of owning a home in the Bronx versus other boroughs like Manhattan or Queens. It also states that more people are moving into the bronx than moving out which is funny to me b/c I am always trying to get my fiance to agree to renting an apartment in the bronx simply because the prices are a bit more reasonable (he doesn't like the idea b/c of the bronxs reputation and how far it is from our family and friends in Queens). I also found that this articles relates to our groups focus of gentrification. It also talks about how lower income families are being "pushed out" and that is our groups interest.

I found that simply b/c this was a topic I was interested in that this Twitter account was useful. However I have yet to feel that Twitter overall is useful to me as individual but I do acknowledge that it has the potential to be.

Anti Islamic Hate Crimes

         The chart provides information in regard to anti-Islamic hate crimes from 1995-2008. Prior to 2001 such hate crimes were considerably much lower than after 2001. From 1995 to 2000 the crimes didn't go over 30 crimes a year. 2001 was the highest year for anti-islamic hate crimes where there were 481 crimes. After 2001 the crimes lowered to about 155 crimes a year. It is much lower than in 2001 but it hasnt gone below pre 2001 numbers. Its obvious that the reason for the large increase in anti-islamic hate crimes was the attack on the twin towers in 2001. Which explains why the crimes were at their highest during that year. This data is important because it signals that many Americans harbour hate towards Islamic people and that after 2001 they are a high risk group for hate crimes. By knowing this information it may be possible to protect these people and attempt to educate the public agaisnt this unreasonable hate. This information may also help understand the tension between race and culture or which races and cultures clash the most.